Gemstone
Gemstones are one of nature's rarest products. The three attributes that a gemstone must possess are rarity, beauty and color. Even in prehistoric times, people were attracted to pretty pebbles, and when combined with translucency or even transparency with color, they were highly prized. See pictures
Gemstone Faceted
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Gemstone Cabochon
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Gemstone Rough
Its color is a gemstone's most important and individual characteristic. The color should be rich - not so pale as to give the stone an anemic appearance, nor so deep as to make it look dark or even black, particularly in artificial light. Too dark a color reduces transparency and a stone should retain a lively look with some sparkle, which is achieved by skillful cutting and faceting. In many stones the distribution of color is uneven. When this results in clear divisions, as with tourmalines or agates, this is a much sought after effect. The blending of the various colours or tints of the same color and the various designs and patterns produced as they are by nature, give such stone an individual appeal that makes each one unique. See examples and pictures .
Another sought after quality is a high lustre. Amber and some garnet have a resinous lustre, while turquoise is sometimes described as "waxy". Lustre does not give a stone brilliance. In certain gemstones brilliance is produced by the skillful cutting of the stone's facets in such a way that they reflect light like mirrors, making the whole stone bright and shining when viewed from the top.
These are the main characteristics which give gemstones their unique appearance and which distinguish them from the great mass of other minerals. There is, however, a most important attribute which gemstones should posses: permanence.